Dawn-dusk SSO · Where industry flies

Protecting space infrastructure.

We keep the orbits of objects up to date, close to real time.

Atmospheric drag makes the orbits of objects unpredictable a few hours after the last observation. This uncertainty causes unnecessary CDM warnings. Our satellites observe each object that can approach your satellites, so that you get warnings in time.

Our sensorsSensor field of viewSatellites we protectObjects >1 cmConjunction
We protect against satellite killers.We target the objects that can end a mission: 1 cm or larger.
We limit downtime from debris avoidance.A fresh, precise track shows when your satellite can stay, so it moves less often.
We start in the most valuable orbit.The dawn-dusk band, approximately 500–800 km, where satellites are in sunlight almost all the time. Orbital data-centre fleets will fly here.
The problem

Small debris causes most of the risk.

Public catalogues track objects of approximately 10 cm and larger. Below that size, ESA estimates that there are approximately 1 million satellite killers of 1⁠–⁠10 cm. Each one can end a mission, and nobody tracks most of them today. We track all objects larger than 1 cm: this small debris, the larger debris and the other satellites.

When a small object is in a catalogue, its last observation is often hours or days old. Drag moves it off its predicted orbit in that time, so the uncertainty becomes large and most warnings are false alarms. Each false alarm costs fuel, planning time and service time.

80–96%

of the cost of collision risk in low orbit comes from objects that public catalogues do not track. NASA calculates that this risk costs $115–692M each year.

Source: NASA Office of Technology, Policy and Strategy (2024). Range across three debris models.

Object size scale from 1 mm to 1 mWE TRACK · >1 CMPUBLIC CATALOGUES · ≥10 CM1 mm1 cm10 cm1 mBELOW 1 CM: USUALLY TOO SMALL TO END A MISSION
What we do · Pharos Watch

We tell you when to move, and when you can stay.

We do four steps, in sequence, for each object that can approach your satellites.

  1. 1 · MONITOR

    We search for objects to add to our catalogue. Wide-view cameras on our satellites find new objects that public catalogues do not hold.

  2. 2 · SCREEN

    We compare the orbit of each object with your orbits. Two of our satellites observe each object from two positions, so that we find each possible collision with your satellites.

  3. 3 · REFINE

    We observe the object again, as late as possible before your decision deadline. The late observation removes most of the uncertainty.

  4. 4 · NOTIFY

    We tell you if a manoeuvre is necessary. When you must move, you can plan a smaller manoeuvre with more confidence.

Why we observe late

A late track turns uncertainty into a clear decision.

Uncertainty grows along the orbit with time. An early track can give a red result for debris that will miss. Pc is the probability of collision: the chance that the two objects hit, calculated from their predicted positions and the uncertainty of each. Choose when we refine the track to see the same approach with fresher or older data.

Approach
Your decision deadline
Where a 3 cm object will be at closest approach: today vs Pharos
Today: last observation 1 day olderPharos: fresh track at the refinement
Probability of collision (Pc) against time of track refinement
TodayPharosTrack too coarse to decide
TodayMOVEσ —Pc —
PharosSTAYσ —Pc —
Track refined
—
Threshold
Pc 1e-4
True miss
—

Model: along-track σ from the drag uncertainty in our sensing study (600 km, 15% air-density forecast error), for a 3 cm object. Today: the last observation is 1 day older than your decision. Pc from a 2D Gaussian, 20 m combined radius. The deadlines are examples. Your deadline depends on your satellite and your approval process.
Results so far

Once our sensors are in orbit, we will know where each object will be to within 1 km.

We plan a network of sensors in the dawn-dusk band. Wide-view cameras find each object. A small telescope then observes again each object that can approach your satellites.

Our late track makes the uncertainty box more than 10 times smaller. Most false alarms go away, and a real threat becomes clear.

We observe each 1–2 cm object again in less than 1 hour (median), and we keep its track for 94% of the time.

Below approximately 650 km, the forecast of air density limits predictions at 24 hours and more. That is why we warn at the latest useful time.

Source: Pharos Orbital sensing study, 1 October 2026. 32 satellites, 40 cm tracker, synthetic debris population. Uncertainty box: along-track 1σ from a 15% error in the air-density forecast, at 600 km, for predictions 48 h and 12 h ahead.

>10×

smaller uncertainty box, from a prediction 2 days before closest approach to our track 12 hours before.

Uncertainty box along the orbit (1σ) at 600 km
Today: predicted 2 days aheadPharos: tracked 12 h ahead
1 cm7.0 → 0.4 km17×
3 cm3.3 → 0.2 km16×
10 cm1.4 → 0.1 km14×
1–2 cm debris, share of time with a live track
1–2 cm debris, by warning time
Products

One network. Data for each party that carries the risk.

Pharos Watch

Know when to move.

Collision monitoring and manoeuvre decisions for operators. We use the warning data that you have now. We add fresh tracks of the small objects, where old data causes most false alarms.

  • You getA STAY or MOVE decision for each possible collision, before your decision deadline.
  • You saveFewer avoidance manoeuvres. Less fuel, less planning time and less interruption to your service.
  • PilotWhen your satellites are in orbit, we compare your warnings with our warnings.
Roadmap

We start with two sensors and prove each step in orbit.

Now

Analysis

Models of the objects, the sensors and the value of each decision. The results on this page come from this work.

Approximately 24 months

Demonstrator pair

Two sensors with survey cameras and one tracker. They prove detection, position from two views and late re-observation of 1⁠–⁠5 cm debris.

Next

8-sensor pilot

A first service for pilot customers in the dawn-dusk ring.

Service

Dedicated in-orbit sensors

Our constellation will help operators make sure that they do not lose satellites to orbital debris.

Work with us

Tell us your decision deadline. We will show you what we can see.

We now select the first pilot partners for the demonstrator pair.

  • Operators in the dawn-dusk orbitJoin a shadow pilot. We compare your warnings with our warnings.
  • Insurers, brokers and lendersHelp us design the debris-risk data that you want to see in a submission.
  • Agencies and grant partnersGive a letter of support, or work with us on a mission proposal.
Contact Pharos Orbital

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